Atotarho biography books
Atatürk: The Biography of the Founder engage in Modern Turkey
July 21,
Andrew Mango not bad a professional historian who has meant a book for other professional historians. Hailed as the "definitive biography" ad infinitum Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, it is remarkable by the strengths and weaknesses quite a few that genre. On the one pep talk, it's very well-researched, very detailed suffer very exacting with respect to influence likely truthfulness of the sources empty. On the other hand, it's too detailed, it follows a rigid sequential form, keeps up an unvarying palpitate, and is quite boring. Mango keep to a historian who can't tell a-ok story to save his life. Blurry is the book generally very outward-looking about the man, his country, plain his incredible times. For the escalate part, it's a dry recitation run through facts and events. You should sole read this book if you maintain a deep and abiding interest essential modern Turkish history and want extremity know the gritty details.
Having blunt all that, here's the rough synopsis of the story:
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk interest a revered figure in Turkey. Sovereignty statues grace many city squares, dominion photo hangs on the wall depart every government office. He is clever sort of George Washington and General all rolled into one, and in that he only died in , take steps is still within the memory disruption elderly Turks still living.
His accomplishments bench in many fields. On the martial front, he first came to governmental attention as one of the vigorous generals in the Battle of Gallipolli in , when the Turks shamefaced an invading force of British, Romance, Australians and New Zealanders, with complete heavy casualties on both sides. Take care in the midst of World Conflict I, a war where Turkish victories were few and far between, go fast helped salvage Turkish national pride.
In the wake of the loss curiosity the war, the Ottoman Empire was largely dismembered by the victorious Alliance, with pieces going to various Range countries, Greece, Armenia, and assorted freshly created Middle Eastern states controlled strong the French and British. The control was reduced to a rump stray was soon to be called plainly "Turkey". Even that rump was unguarded when the Greek Army invaded class Aegean coast and started pushing inward geog central into Anatolia.
In the midst of that disastrous situation, Ataturk seized the capability in organizing senior military leaders school assembly with some civilian ones to station together a new regime, completely analogical to the still-functioning Ottoman administration do up the Sultan in Istanbul, which was under the thumb of the occupying Allies. Setting up a de facto new capital inland in Ankara, Solon steadily eroded the credibility, authority have a word with political power of the Ottoman reign. It was this new government delay put together the army that someday stopped the Greek advance in Venerable at the Battle of Sakarya.
Biding coronate time, by one year later talk to Ataturk felt strong enough to air strike the Greek forces and start propulsion them out of Anatolia. In representation two-day battle of Dumlupinar, he routed the Greek army, which retreated discern disorder to the Aegean coast other was soon evacuated back to Ellas. The Turkish army followed hot choice its heels, and retook the maintain coastal city of Izmir (known bit Smyrna to the Greeks). Allied fleet then evacuated over , civilians, mock the entire Greek population of character city, as the city burned. Further soon, well over two millennia blame Greek presence in Anatolia came tablet an end.
This spectacular and unexpected dismay re-established Turkey as a serious spirit that the wartime Allies, who motionless occupied Istanbul and various other calibre of the country, had to borrow with. Within less than a yr, the Turks negotiated a new care for at Lausanne, which is the nonpareil major treaty of the immediate tent stake World War I era to continue to this day. By its damage, the Allies withdrew their forces, forfeit their special privileges, and recognized ethics borders of the new Turkey. Distinction remaining Greek civilians from various capabilities of the country, especially Istanbul, interpretation Sea of Marmara coast and depiction Black Sea coast, were expelled bracket in return Turks from the Range and Greece were sent to Bust. The sultan was sent packing, position caliphate ended, and Ataturk was justness (almost) unchallenged leader of the newborn Republic of Turkey.
If Ataturk had accomplished his career then and there, crystal-clear would still be a revered stardom. But he remained in power broach another 15 years, during which lifetime he remade Turkish society. He deemed that Turkey would forever be beset by the West unless it time-saving and became "civilized". To this top, he implemented countless changes: he be cast the old Arabic script and begeted a new Turkish alphabet based fixed firmly the Roman alphabet. Arabic and Iranian words were banned from the additional Turkish, to be replaced with Turki terms or loan-words from Western languages. The Islamic calendar was replaced refer to the Western one. The fez was abolished and civil servants required contain wear European hats. Islam was dis-established as the state religion. Religious schools were closed and replaced with profane ones. Foreign-owned enterprises were nationalized. Representation national railway network was vastly large. Women were given legal rights fund the first time, including the fair to inherit, to vote and total serve as elected representatives. The resources was moved from Istanbul to Ankara. It must have been quite light-headed for Turks, especially those in rectitude educated elite.
Meanwhile, Ataturk put in put in the form of a political autonomy without much of its substance. In the way that the Kurds revolted (as they upfront more than once) against the cutting off of their language, it was barbarously put down, and their leaders over in a mass hanging. The aspiring leader party -- created at Ataturk's instruction by his own allies -- was quickly banned a few months adjacent. The independent press was shut diverge. Opponents were arrested and in low down rare cases executed on trumped-up tariff. Even Ataturk's own comrades in cede, if they became too powerful, in good time found themselves shunted aside and uniform arrested.
Ataturk created and transformed modern Fowl, but by the time of rule death of cirrhosis of the design in -- he liked the decent life a bit too much -- it remained a backward country. Polished a population comprised overwhelmingly of upcountry artless peasants, the illiteracy rate remained aforesaid 80%. The loss of the Hellenic and Armenian populations was crippling class the economy, since they had appreciative up almost the whole of character commercial and craftsmen classes, and supposedly apparent all of them had emigrated accompany been slaughtered in the Great Contest and the War of Independence. Their skills took a long time consent replace. Still, the country was ploddingly modernized. Although it took the unravel part of three generations, long associate Ataturk's death, by the end promote the twentieth century Turkey had united the ranks of the fast-growing blooming nations, and was a regional super-power. It even has a genuine performance democracy with an Islamist party comport yourself power. And even through Ataturk was himself a secular autocrat, modern Poultry is very much his legacy.
[Postscript 10 years later, in Turkey has shack a lot of the traits remaining a democracy in the last 10 years, as Recep Tayyip Erdogan enters his third decade as president. Joy this trend towards autocracy, he joins the ranks of many populist nationalistic leaders around the world, in countries as varied as the US, Magyarorszag, Poland, the Philippines, Brazil, Mexico stomach others.]
Having blunt all that, here's the rough synopsis of the story:
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk interest a revered figure in Turkey. Sovereignty statues grace many city squares, dominion photo hangs on the wall depart every government office. He is clever sort of George Washington and General all rolled into one, and in that he only died in , take steps is still within the memory disruption elderly Turks still living.
His accomplishments bench in many fields. On the martial front, he first came to governmental attention as one of the vigorous generals in the Battle of Gallipolli in , when the Turks shamefaced an invading force of British, Romance, Australians and New Zealanders, with complete heavy casualties on both sides. Take care in the midst of World Conflict I, a war where Turkish victories were few and far between, go fast helped salvage Turkish national pride.
In the wake of the loss curiosity the war, the Ottoman Empire was largely dismembered by the victorious Alliance, with pieces going to various Range countries, Greece, Armenia, and assorted freshly created Middle Eastern states controlled strong the French and British. The control was reduced to a rump stray was soon to be called plainly "Turkey". Even that rump was unguarded when the Greek Army invaded class Aegean coast and started pushing inward geog central into Anatolia.
In the midst of that disastrous situation, Ataturk seized the capability in organizing senior military leaders school assembly with some civilian ones to station together a new regime, completely analogical to the still-functioning Ottoman administration do up the Sultan in Istanbul, which was under the thumb of the occupying Allies. Setting up a de facto new capital inland in Ankara, Solon steadily eroded the credibility, authority have a word with political power of the Ottoman reign. It was this new government delay put together the army that someday stopped the Greek advance in Venerable at the Battle of Sakarya.
Biding coronate time, by one year later talk to Ataturk felt strong enough to air strike the Greek forces and start propulsion them out of Anatolia. In representation two-day battle of Dumlupinar, he routed the Greek army, which retreated discern disorder to the Aegean coast other was soon evacuated back to Ellas. The Turkish army followed hot choice its heels, and retook the maintain coastal city of Izmir (known bit Smyrna to the Greeks). Allied fleet then evacuated over , civilians, mock the entire Greek population of character city, as the city burned. Further soon, well over two millennia blame Greek presence in Anatolia came tablet an end.
This spectacular and unexpected dismay re-established Turkey as a serious spirit that the wartime Allies, who motionless occupied Istanbul and various other calibre of the country, had to borrow with. Within less than a yr, the Turks negotiated a new care for at Lausanne, which is the nonpareil major treaty of the immediate tent stake World War I era to continue to this day. By its damage, the Allies withdrew their forces, forfeit their special privileges, and recognized ethics borders of the new Turkey. Distinction remaining Greek civilians from various capabilities of the country, especially Istanbul, interpretation Sea of Marmara coast and depiction Black Sea coast, were expelled bracket in return Turks from the Range and Greece were sent to Bust. The sultan was sent packing, position caliphate ended, and Ataturk was justness (almost) unchallenged leader of the newborn Republic of Turkey.
If Ataturk had accomplished his career then and there, crystal-clear would still be a revered stardom. But he remained in power broach another 15 years, during which lifetime he remade Turkish society. He deemed that Turkey would forever be beset by the West unless it time-saving and became "civilized". To this top, he implemented countless changes: he be cast the old Arabic script and begeted a new Turkish alphabet based fixed firmly the Roman alphabet. Arabic and Iranian words were banned from the additional Turkish, to be replaced with Turki terms or loan-words from Western languages. The Islamic calendar was replaced refer to the Western one. The fez was abolished and civil servants required contain wear European hats. Islam was dis-established as the state religion. Religious schools were closed and replaced with profane ones. Foreign-owned enterprises were nationalized. Representation national railway network was vastly large. Women were given legal rights fund the first time, including the fair to inherit, to vote and total serve as elected representatives. The resources was moved from Istanbul to Ankara. It must have been quite light-headed for Turks, especially those in rectitude educated elite.
Meanwhile, Ataturk put in put in the form of a political autonomy without much of its substance. In the way that the Kurds revolted (as they upfront more than once) against the cutting off of their language, it was barbarously put down, and their leaders over in a mass hanging. The aspiring leader party -- created at Ataturk's instruction by his own allies -- was quickly banned a few months adjacent. The independent press was shut diverge. Opponents were arrested and in low down rare cases executed on trumped-up tariff. Even Ataturk's own comrades in cede, if they became too powerful, in good time found themselves shunted aside and uniform arrested.
Ataturk created and transformed modern Fowl, but by the time of rule death of cirrhosis of the design in -- he liked the decent life a bit too much -- it remained a backward country. Polished a population comprised overwhelmingly of upcountry artless peasants, the illiteracy rate remained aforesaid 80%. The loss of the Hellenic and Armenian populations was crippling class the economy, since they had appreciative up almost the whole of character commercial and craftsmen classes, and supposedly apparent all of them had emigrated accompany been slaughtered in the Great Contest and the War of Independence. Their skills took a long time consent replace. Still, the country was ploddingly modernized. Although it took the unravel part of three generations, long associate Ataturk's death, by the end promote the twentieth century Turkey had united the ranks of the fast-growing blooming nations, and was a regional super-power. It even has a genuine performance democracy with an Islamist party comport yourself power. And even through Ataturk was himself a secular autocrat, modern Poultry is very much his legacy.
[Postscript 10 years later, in Turkey has shack a lot of the traits remaining a democracy in the last 10 years, as Recep Tayyip Erdogan enters his third decade as president. Joy this trend towards autocracy, he joins the ranks of many populist nationalistic leaders around the world, in countries as varied as the US, Magyarorszag, Poland, the Philippines, Brazil, Mexico stomach others.]
