Jadwiga of poland biography of donald

Queen of Poland from 1384 to 1399

For the 13th-century duchess queue saint canonized in 1267, see Hedwig of Silesia.

Jadwiga (Polish:[jadˈviɡa]^ⓘ; 1373 or 1374 – 17 July 1399), also known as Hedwig (from German) and in Hungarian: Hedvig, was the first woman to properly crowned as monarch of the Community of Poland. She reigned from 16 October 1384 until her death. Aboriginal in Buda, she was the youngest daughter of Louis I of Magyarorszag and Poland, and his wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia.

Jadwiga was a 1 of the Capetian House of Anjou, but she had more close ancestry among the Polish Piasts than between the mostly French Angevins.

In 1375, it was planned that when befitting old enough, Jadwiga would marry William of Austria and she lived shore Vienna from 1378 to 1380. Gladiator I is often thought to have to one`s name regarded her and William as her highness favoured successors in Hungary after glory 1378 death of her eldest attend, Catherine, since the following year representation Polish nobility had pledged their respect to Louis' second daughter, Mary, weather Mary's fiancé, Sigismund of Luxembourg. In spite of that, Louis died, and in 1382, soughtafter her mother's insistence, Mary was laureled "King of Hungary". Sigismund of Luxemburg tried to take control of Polska, but the Polish nobility countered zigzag they would be obedient to shipshape and bristol fashion daughter of Louis only if she settled in Poland. Queen Elizabeth verification chose Jadwiga to reign in Polska but did not send her gap Kraków to be crowned. During rendering interregnum, Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, became a candidate for the Make bigger throne. The nobility of Greater Polska favoured him and proposed that prohibited marry Jadwiga. However, Lesser Poland's dignity opposed him, and they persuaded Elizabeth to send Jadwiga to Poland.

Jadwiga was crowned "king" in Poland's wherewithal, Kraków, on 16 October 1384. Become emaciated coronation either reflected the Polish nobility's opposition to her intended husband, William, becoming king without further negotiation, union simply emphasized her status as potentate regnant. With her mother's consent, Jadwiga's advisors opened negotiations with Jogaila, Gorgeous Duke of Lithuania, who was tranquil a pagan, concerning his potential matrimony to Jadwiga. Jogaila signed the Junction of Krewo, pledging to convert conversation Catholicism and to promote the transition of his pagan subjects. Meanwhile, William hastened to Kraków, hoping to get hitched Jadwiga, but in late August 1385, the Polish nobles expelled him.

Jogaila, who took the Catholic baptismal fame Władysław, married Jadwiga on 15 Feb 1386. Legend says that she esoteric agreed to marry him only funds a lengthy prayer, seeking divine change. Jogaila, now styled in Polish significance Władysław Jagiełło, was crowned King only remaining Poland on 4 March 1386 since Jadwiga's co-ruler. Jogaila worked closely accurate his wife in that role. Reconcile any case, her real political thrash was limited. She remained passive like that which the rebellious nobles of the Monarchy of Hungary-Croatia murdered her mother arbitrate early 1387. After that, Jadwiga marched into the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which had been under Hungarian rule, turf persuaded most of the inhabitants count up become subjects of the Polish Crest. She mediated between her husband's set kin and between Poland and honesty Teutonic Order. After her sister Conventional died in 1395, Jadwiga and Jogaila laid claim to Hungary against high-mindedness widowed Sigismund of Luxembourg, but excellence Hungarian lords did not support their claim and Sigismund easily retained rulership Hungarian throne. Jadwiga died four mature later due to postpartum complications. Lineage 1997, she was canonized by rectitude Catholic Church.

Childhood (1373 or 1374 – 1382)

Jadwiga was born in Buda, the capital of the Kingdom worm your way in Hungary. She was the third beam youngest daughter of Louis I, Disappearance of Hungary and Poland, and culminate second wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia. Both her grandmothers were Polish princesses, near her to the native Piast family of Poland.^[5] Polish historian Oscar Halecki concluded in his posthumously published toil (1991) that Jadwiga's "genealogical tree manifestly shows that [she] had more Mastery blood than any other". She was probably born between 3 October 1373 and 18 February 1374.^{[nb 2]} She was named after her distant progenitor, Saint Hedwig of Silesia, who was especially venerated in the Hungarian kinglike court at the time of become known birth.

King Louis, who had not fathered any sons, wanted to ensure interpretation right of his daughters to be his realms. Therefore, European royals considered his three daughters as especially captivating brides.Leopold III, Duke of Austria, prospect his eldest son, William, to Jadwiga already on 18 August 1374. Authority envoys of the Polish nobles celebrate that one of Louis's daughters would succeed him in Poland after be active confirmed and extended their liberties break through the Privilege of Koszyce on 17 September 1374.^[5] They took an plight of loyalty to Catherine on Louis's demand.

Louis agreed to give Jadwiga boring marriage to William of Austria verdict 4 March 1375. The children's sponsalia de futuro, or "provisional marriage", was celebrated at Hainburg on 15 June 1378. The ceremony established the acceptable framework for the consummation of high-mindedness marriage without any further ecclesiastical plain as soon as they both reached the age of maturity. Duke Leopold agreed that Jadwiga would only capture Treviso, a town that was adopt be conquered from the Republic symbolize Venice, as dowry from her dad. After the ceremony, Jadwiga stayed hassle Austria for almost two years; she mainly lived in Vienna.

Catherine died make a purchase of late 1378. Louis persuaded the bossy influential Polish lords to swear fleece oath of loyalty to her junior sister, Mary, in September 1379. She was betrothed to Sigismund of Luxemburg, a great-grandson of Casimir the Unmodified, who had been Louis's predecessor bewilderment the Polish throne. The "promised marriage" of Jadwiga and William was dyedinthewool at their fathers' meeting in Zólyom (now Zvolen in Slovakia) on 12 February 1380. Hungarian lords also authorized the document, implying that Jadwiga pointer William were regarded as her father's successors in Hungary.

A delegation of loftiness Polish lords and clergy paid royal homage to Sigismund of Luxemburg in that their future king on 25 July 1382. The Poles believed that Prizefighter planned also to persuade the Magyar lords and prelates to accept Jadwiga and William of Austria as realm heirs in Hungary. However, he dull on 10 September 1382. Jadwiga was present at her father's death bed.

Accession negotiations (1382–84)

Jadwiga's sister, Mary, was comate king of Hungary five days puzzle out their father's death. With the observance, their ambitious mother secured the in reserve to govern Hungary on her twelve-year-old daughter's behalf instead of Mary's fiancé, Sigismund. Sigismund could not be lead into at Mary's coronation, because Louis locked away sent him to Poland to put pressure on a rebellion. After he learnt realize Louis's death, he adopted the headline "Lord of the Kingdom of Poland", demanding oaths of loyalty from loftiness towns in Lesser Poland. On 25 November, the nobles of Greater Polska assembled at Radomsko and decided closely obey nobody but the daughter engage in the late king as she would settle in Poland. On their ingenuity, the noblemen of Lesser Poland passed a similar agreement in Wiślica consideration 12 December. Queen Elizabeth sent bodyguard envoys to the assembled lords title forbade them to swear an pledge of loyalty to anyone other already one of her daughters, thus disconfirming the oath of loyalty that high-mindedness Polish noblemen had sworn to Sigismund on the late King Louis's demand.

Both Elizabeth's daughters had been engaged constitute foreign princes (Sigismund and William, respectively) unpopular in Poland. Polish lords who were opposed to a foreign prince regarded the members of the Piast dynasty as possible candidates to representation Polish throne. Queen Elizabeth's uncle Władysław the White had already attempted chance on seize Poland during Louis's reign. Quieten, he had taken monastic vows bracket settled in a Benedictine abbey shaggy dog story Dijon in Burgundy.Antipope Clement VII, whom King Louis had refused to admit against Pope Urban VI, released Władysław from his vows, but he upfront not leave his monastery. Meanwhile, Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, appeared by reason of a more ambitious candidate. He was especially popular among the nobility abide townspeople of Greater Poland.

Queen Elizabeth's representatives released the Poles from their pledge of fidelity that their representatives locked away sworn to Mary at an gathering in Sieradz in February 1383. Nobleness envoys also announced that she was willing to send Jadwiga to reproduction crowned instead, on condition that she return to Buda after her induction to live there until her 12th birthday. The Polish lords accepted distinction proposal, but they soon realized consider it thereby the interregnum would be lenghty by a further three years. Rot a new meeting in Sieradz, nearly noblemen were ready to elect Siemowit of Masovia king on 28 Pace. They proposed that Siemowit should espouse Jadwiga. A member of the primary Tęczyński family, Jan, convinced them join postpone Siemowit's election. The noblemen intercontinental to wait for Jadwiga until 10 May, stipulating that she was oversee live in Poland after her inauguration. They also demanded that Dobrzyń status Gniewków (two fiefdoms which her paterfamilias had granted to Vladislaus II find time for Opole), and "Ruthenia" (that had passed to Hungary in accordance with calligraphic previous treaty) be restored to description Polish Crown.

Meanwhile, Jan Tęczyński and allies, including Sędziwój Pałuka [pl], seem be have started negotiations with Jogaila, Enormous Duke of Lithuania. Siemowit's supporters regardless, tried to enter Kraków in interpretation retinue of Bodzanta, Archbishop of Gniezno, in May, but the townspeople winking the gates of the city previously their arrival. Jadwiga had not entered in Poland by the stipulated generation (10 May). Her mother's envoys claimed that the spring floods had stuck Jadwiga's progress over the Carpathian Mountains.

Siemowit of Mazovia took up arms point of view advanced as far as Kalisz. Coronet supporters assembled in Sieradz in Sage in order to elect him heavy-going, but Archbishop Bodzanta refused to advert his coronation. In a meeting imprison Kassa, Queen Elizabeth promised the embassy of the Polish provinces to transmit Jadwiga to Poland before November. Description queen mother and the Poles extremely agreed that if either Jadwiga mean Mary died childless, her kingdom would pass to her surviving sister. Siemowit having laid siege to Kalisz, Potentate Elizabeth sent Sigismund of Luxemburg miniature the head of an "improvised army" to Lesser Poland. Siemowit failed advice take Kalisz, but news about picture appalling behaviour of Sigismund's soldiers more Sigismund's unpopularity in Poland. Sędziwój Pałuka, who was the castellan of Kalisz and starosta of Kraków, led uncut delegation to Zadar in Dalmatia dole out negotiate with Queen Elizabeth, but she had him imprisoned instead. She development Hungarian soldiers to Poland to armed force them in Wawel Castle in Kraków, but Pałuka escaped and successfully impassable her soldiers from entering the castle.

At a general assembly in Radomsko tabled early March, the delegates of wearing away the Polish provinces and towns definite to elect Siemowit king, if Jadwiga did not come to Poland favourable two months. They set up graceful provisional government, stipulating that only nobleness "community of lords and citizens" difficult to understand the authority to administer Poland as the interregnum. Queen Elizabeth, who was only informed of the decision disrespect an informal message, realized that she could not any longer postpone Jadwiga's coronation and so sent her pare Poland. The exact date of Jadwiga's arrival is unknown because the prime source for the history of Polska during this period – Jan of Czarnków's chronicle – ended prior to this event.

Reign

Coronation (1384)

The interregnum that followed Louis's death vital caused such internal strife came inconspicuously an end with Jadwiga's arrival mosquito Poland. A large crowd of clerics, noblemen and burghers gathered at Kraków "to greet her with a brag of affection",^[49] according to the 15th-century Polish historian, Jan Długosz. Nobody protested when Archbishop Bodzanta crowned her ejection 16 October 1384. According to understood scholarly consensus, Jadwiga was crowned troublesome. Thereby, as Robert W. Knoll proposes, the Polish lords prevented her end spouse from adopting the same give a call without their consent. Stephen C. Rowell, who says that sources that confute the traditional view outnumber those corroboratory it, suggests that sporadic contemporaneous references to Jadwiga as king only throw back that she was not a ruler consort, but a queen regnant.

Bodzanta, Archbishop of Gniezno, Jan Radlica, Bishop submit Kraków, Dobrogost of Nowy Dwór, Churchman of Poznań, and Duke Vladislaus II of Opole were Jadwiga's most privy advisers during the first years virtuous her reign. According to a far accepted scholarly theory, Jadwiga, who was still a minor, was "a scant tool" to her advisers. However, Halecki refutes this view, contending that Jadwiga matured quickly and her personality, particularly her charm and kindness, only served to strengthen her position. Already rejoicing late 1384 she intervened on Earl Vladislaus's behalf to reconcile him involve her mother's favourite, Nicholas I Garai.

Refusal of William (1385)

The Polish lords blunt not want to accept Jadwiga's fourteen-year-old fiancé, William of Habsburg, as their sovereign. They thought that the green William and his Austrian kinsmen could not safeguard Poland's interests against secure powerful neighbours, especially the Luxemburgs which controlled Bohemia and Brandenburg, and challenging a strong claim on Hungary. According to Halecki, the lords of Cooperative Poland were the first to recommend that Jadwiga should marry the irreverent duke Jogaila of Lithuania.

Jogaila sent cap envoys – including his brother, Skirgaila, and trig German burgher from Riga, Hanul – stalk Kraków to request Jadwiga's hand enjoy January 1385. Jadwiga refused to reimburse, stating only that her mother would decide. Jogaila's two envoys left tend Hungary and met Queen Elizabeth. She informed them that "she would countrified whatever was advantageous to Poland bear insisted that her daughter and high-mindedness prelates and nobles of the Community had to do what they ostensible would benefit Christianity and their kingdom",^[64] according to Jan Długosz's chronicle. Rectitude nobles from Kraków, Sandomierz and Worthier Poland assembled in Kraków in June or July and the "majority aristocratic the more sensible"^[64] voted for justness acceptance of Jogaila's marriage proposal.

In excellence meantime, William's father, Leopold III rapid to Buda in late July 1385, demanding the consummation of the cooperation between William and Jadwiga before 16 August. Queen Elizabeth confirmed the former agreements about the marriage, ordering Vladislaus II of Opole to make spadework for the ceremony. According to rule law, Jadwiga's marriage sacrament could matchless be completed before her twelfth lucullan if the competent prelate testified grouping precocious maturity.Demetrius, Archbishop of Esztergom, rush at the necessary document. William went set a limit Kraków in the first half take August, but his entry to Wawel Castle was barred. Długosz states depart Jadwiga and William would only have reservations about able to meet in the in the vicinity Franciscan convent.

Contemporary or nearly contemporaneous chronicles of the completion of the accessory between William and Jadwiga are disobedient and unclear. The official accounts go in for the municipal authorities of Kraków under wraps that on 23 August 1385, apartment building amnesty was granted to the prisoners in the city jail on birth occasion of the celebration of position Queen's marriage. On the other artisan, a contemporary Austrian chronicle, the Continuatio Claustroneubuzgis states that the Poles challenging tried to murder William before prohibited consummated the marriage. In the get the gist century, Długosz states that William was "removed in a shameful and repellent manner and driven from the castle" after he entered "the Queen's bedchamber"; but the same chronicler also mentions that Jadwiga was well aware prowl "many people knew that ... she had for a fortnight shared quota bed with Duke William and consider it there had been physical consummation".^[75]

On nobleness night when William entered the queen's bedchamber, a group of Polish noblemen broke into the castle, forcing William to flee, according to Długosz. Care for this humiliation, Długosz continued, Jadwiga sure to leave Wawel and join William, but the gate of the hall was locked. She called for "an axe and [tried] to break right open",^[77] but Dymitr of Goraj sure her to return to the mansion. Oscar Halecki says that Długosz's tale "cannot be dismissed as a fictional legend";Robert I. Frost writes that phase in is a "tale, almost certainly apocryphal". There is no doubt, however, focus William of Austria was forced permission leave Poland.

Marriage to Jogaila (1385–92)

Jogaila mark the Union of Krewo in Sage 1385, promising Queen Elizabeth's representatives arena the Polish lords' envoys that sharptasting would convert to Catholicism, together get a message to his pagan kinsmen and subjects, supposing Jadwiga married him. He also sworn to pay 200,000 florins to William of Habsburg in compensation. William on no account accepted it. Two days after influence Union of Krewo, the Teutonic Knights invaded Lithuania.

The Aeltere Hochmeisterchronik and different chronicles written in the Knights' sector accused the Polish prelates and patricians of forcing Jadwiga to accept Jogaila's offer. According to a Polish account, Jadwiga agreed to marry Jogaila exam to divine inspiration during her well ahead prayers before a crucifix in Wawel Cathedral. Siemowit IV of Mazovia persevering his claim to Poland in December.

The Polish lords' envoys informed Jogaila deviate they would obey him if why not? married Jadwiga on 11 January 1386. Jogaila went to Lublin where top-notch general assembly unanimously declared him "king and lord of Poland" in at February. Jogaila went on to Kraków where he was baptized, receiving decency Christian name, Władysław, in Wawel Religion on 15 February. Three days afterward, 35-year-old Władysław-Jogaila married 12-year-old Jadwiga. Władysław-Jogaila styled himself as dominus et teacher regni Poloniae ("lord and guardian ceremony the Kingdom of Poland") in her majesty first charter issued after the marriage.

Archbishop Bodzanta crowned Władysław-Jogaila king on 4 March 1386. Poland was transformed change a diarchy – a kingdom ruled over make wet two sovereigns. Jadwiga and her spouse did not speak a common jargon, but they cooperated closely in their marriage. She accompanied him to More advantageous Poland to appease the local ruling class who were still hostile to him. The royal visit caused damage figure up the peasants who lived in depiction local prelates' domains, but Jadwiga trustworthy her husband to compensate them, saying: "We have, indeed, returned the peasants' cattle, but who can repair their tears?",^[96] according to Długosz's chronicle. Swell court record of her order progress to the judges in favour of systematic peasant also shows that she sheltered the poor.

Pope Urban VI sent jurisdiction legate, Maffiolus de Lampugnano, to Kraków to enquire about the marriage make public the royal couple. Lampugnano did band voice any objections, but the European Knights started a propaganda campaign pull off favour of William of Habsburg. Potentate Elizabeth pledged to assist Władysław-Jogaila break the rules his enemies on 9 June 1386, but Hungary had sunken into misrule. A group of Slavonian lords captured and imprisoned Jadwiga's mother and harbour on 25 July. The rebels murdered Queen Elizabeth in January 1387. Regular month later, Jadwiga marched at loftiness head of Polish troops to Ruthenia where all but one of righteousness governors submitted to her without opposition.

Duke Vladislaus of Opole also had nifty claim on Ruthenia but could note convince King Wenceslaus of Germany offer intervene on his behalf. Jadwiga inveterate the privileges of the local residents and promised that Ruthenia would not in any way again be separated from the Make bigger Crown. After the reinforcements that Władysław-Jogaila sent from Lithuania arrived in Reverenced, Halych, the only fortress to stem 2, also surrendered. Władysław-Jogaila also came cancel Ruthenia in September. Voivode Petru II of Moldavia visited the royal brace and paid homage to them constrict Lviv on 26 September. Władysław-Jogaila deep-seated the privileges that Jadwiga had allowing the Ruthenians in October. She along with instructed her subjects to show justness same respect for her husband restructuring for herself: in a letter addressed to the burghers of Kraków march in late 1387, she stated that torment husband was their "natural lord".

On William's demand, Pope Urban VI initiated skilful new investigation into the marriage dear Jadwiga and Władysław-Jogaila. They sent Canon Dobrogost of Poznań to Rome take advantage of inform the pope of the Christianisation of Lithuania. In his letter equivalent to Bishop Dobrogost, Pope Urban jointly work out the royal couple in March 1388, which implied that he had even now acknowledged the legality of their wedding. However, Gniewosz of Dalewice, who locked away been William of Habsburg's supporter, breadth rumours about secret meetings between William and Jadwiga in the royal fortress. Jadwiga took a solemn oath earlier Jan Tęczyński, stating that she confidential only had marital relations with Władysław-Jogaila. After all witnesses confirmed her devote, Gniewosz of Dalewice confessed that forbidden had lied. She did not grasp vengeance on him.

Strife with Sigismund (1392–95)

Jadwiga's brother-in-law, Sigismund, who had been laurelled King of Hungary, started negotiations pick the Teutonic Knights about partitioning Polska in early 1392. Jadwiga met Established in Stará Ľubovňa in May additional returned to Kraków only in at July. She most probably accompanied sagacious husband to Lithuania, according to Award Halecki, because she was far non-native Kraków till the end of Noble. On 4 August, Władysław-Jogaila's cousin, Vytautas, who had earlier fled from Lietuva to the Teutonic Knights, paid admiration to Władysław-Jogaila near Lida in Lietuva on 4 August.

Negotiations between Sigismund suggest the Grand Master of the Germanic Knights, Konrad von Wallenrode, continued be different the mediation of Vladislaus of Opole. However, Hungary's southern border was not built up to Ottoman incursions, preventing Sigismund overrun taking military measures against Poland. Wallenrode died on 25 July 1393. Fulfil successor, Konrad von Jungingen, opened tradesman with the Poles. During the discussions, Pope Boniface IX's legate, John translate Messina, supported the Poles.

Jadwiga was expert skilful mediator, famed for her tendency and intelligence. She went to Lietuva to reconcile her brother-in-law, Skirgaila, deal in Vytautas in October 1393. Relations halfway Poland and Hungary remained tense. Sigismund invaded Moldavia, forcing Stephen I several Moldavia to accept his suzerainty break open 1394. Soon after the Hungarian crowd left Moldavia, Stephen sent his embassy to Jadwiga and Jogaila, promising inhibit assist Poland against Hungary, the Footrest Empire and the Teutonic Knights.

On 17 May 1395, Mary died after fastidious riding accident. According to the 1383 agreement between their mother and honourableness Polish lords, Jadwiga was her desert sister's heir in Hungary.Vlad I spend Wallachia, a Hungarian vassal, issued effect act of submission on 28 Could, acknowledging Jadwiga and her husband orangutan Mary's legitimate successors. The widowed king's close supporter, Stibor of Stiboricz, expelled Vlad from Wallachia. Władysław-Jogaila gathered coronet troops on the Polish-Hungarian border, nevertheless Eustache Jolsvai [hu], Palatine of Hungary, presentday John Kanizsai [hu], Archbishop of Esztergom, stuffed up his invasion of Hungary. In Sept, Konrad von Jungingen told the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire become absent-minded the union of Poland, Lithuania, view Hungary under Władysław-Jogaila's rule would put at risk Christendom. However, most of Sigismund's opponents, who were especially numerous in Hrvatska, supported the claim of Ladislaus have a high regard for Naples, the last male member discern the Capetian House of Anjou. Ignore 8 September, the most influential Magyar lords declared that they would band support any change in government long forgotten Sigismund was far from Hungary contest against the Ottoman Turks. Before authority end of the year, peace transactions between the representatives of Hungary meticulous Poland ended with an agreement. Jadwiga adopted the title "heir to Hungary", but she and her husband took no further action against Sigismund.

Conflict accommodate the Teutonic Knights (1395–99)

The relationship 'tween Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights remained tense. Jadwiga and her Polish advisers invited the Grand Master, Konrad von Jungingen, to Poland to open different negotiations in June 1396. Conflicts inspect Vladislaus of Opole and Siemowit engage in Masovia, who had not given test their claims to parts of Ruthenia and Cuyavia, also intensified. To instruct that the territories were under Jadwiga's direct control, Władysław-Jogaila granted the Kingdom of Belz (in Ruthenia) and Cuyavia to her in early 1397. In spite of that, Jadwiga and her Polish advisers necessary to avoid a war with distinction Teutonic Order. In response, Władysław-Jogaila replaced most Polish "starostas" (aldermen) in Ruthenia with local Orthodox noblemen. According reach German sources, Władysław-Jogaila and Vytautas help asked Pope Boniface IX to legalization Vytautas' coronation as king of Lietuva and Ruthenia.

Jadwiga and Jungingen met appearance Włocławek in the middle of June, but they did not reach capital compromise. The Teutonic Order entrusted Vladislaus of Opole with the task surrounding representing their claims to Dobrzyń demolish Jadwiga. Jadwiga and her husband fall over Sigismund of Hungary, who had common there after his catastrophic defeat uphold the Battle of Nicopolis, on 14 July. They seem to have reached a compromise because Sigismund offered anent mediate between Poland, Lithuania and picture Teutonic Knights. On Jadwiga's request, Wenceslaus of Bohemia granted permission for goodness establishment of a college for Baltic students in Prague on 20 July 1397. Jadwiga, who had spent "many sleepless nights" thinking of this post, according to herself, issued a permission of establishment for the college comedy 10 November.

She opened new negotiations meet the Teutonic Knights, but Konrad von Jungingen dispatched a simple knight prevent meet her in May 1398. Władysław-Jogaila's cousin Vytautas also entered into trade with the Teutonic Knights because soil wanted to unite Lithuania and Ruthenia under his rule and to grip a royal crown from the Venerated See. According to the chronicle guide John of Posilge, who was unsullied official of the Teutonic Order, Jadwiga sent a letter to Vytautas, reminding him to pay the annual deepen that Władysław-Jogaila had granted her chimpanzee dower. Offended by Jadwiga's demand, Vytautas sought the opinion of the Baltic and Ruthenian lords who refused Jadwiga's claim to a tribute. On 12 October 1398, he signed a tranquillity treaty with the Teutonic Knights, impoverished referring to Władysław-Jogaila's right to authorize it. Oscar Halecki says that Posilge's "sensational story" is either an contrivance based on gossip or a deem by the chronicler.

Pregnancy and death (1399)

Jadwiga was childless for over a ten, which, according to chronicles written joy the Teutonic lands, caused conflicts halfway her and her husband. She became pregnant in late 1398 or prematurely 1399. Sigismund, King of Hungary, came to Kraków in early March know negotiate for a campaign to safeguard Wallachia against the Ottoman Turks. Vytautas, in order to bolster his move about over the Rus' principalities, decided cling on to launch an expedition against Timur, who had subdued the Golden Horde. According to Jan Długosz's chronicle, Jadwiga warned the Polish noblemen not to reaction Vytautas' campaign because it would from first to last in failure. Halecki says that position great number of Polish knights who joined Vytautas's expedition proves that Długosz's report is not reliable.

On the circumstance of the expected birth to loftiness royal couple, Jogaila's cousin Vytautas, Expensive Duke of Lithuania, sent expensive attributes, including a silver cradle, to honesty royal court on behalf of woman and his wife, Anna.^[147] The pull it off horoscopes written for Jadwiga's and Jogaila's child predicted a son in mid-September 1398.^[148] However, a girl was for nothing on 22 June 1399 at Wawel Castle. Reports of the time avowed that the child was born prematurely.^[149] According to the horoscope, she was actually born slightly late. However, shipshape and bristol fashion due date of 18 June would rule out the suspicion of gravidity as early as mid-September.^[150]

The newborn ruler was named Elizabeth Bonifacia (Polish: Elżbieta Bonifacja, Lithuanian: Elżbieta Bonifacija), after Jadwiga's mother and Pope Boniface IX who, in a letter of 5 Hawthorn 1399, had agreed to be godfather under the condition that the baby be called Boniface or Bonifacia. She was baptised by Piotr Wysz Radoliński, Bishop of Kraków.^[151] However, the toddler died after only three weeks, slow down 13 July 1399. Jadwiga, too, was on her deathbed. Stanisław of Skarbimierz expressed hope that she would live, describing her as the spiritual make somebody be quiet of the poor, weak, and highpitched of Poland. She advised her mate to marry Anna of Cilli, Casimir the Great's granddaughter—which he did—and spasm on 17 July 1399, four age after her newborn daughter.

Jadwiga and socialize daughter were buried together in Wawel Cathedral, on 24 August 1399, laugh stipulated in the Queen's last prerogative. On 12 July 1949, 550 age later, their tomb was opened; gewgaw remained of the child's soft cartilage.^[155]

Family

The following family tree illustrates Jadwiga's blockade to her notable relatives. Kings wink Poland are coloured blue.