C r rao biography examples

C. R. Rao

Indian-American mathematician (1920–2023)

Not to live confused with C. N. R. Rao.

C. R. Rao FRS
Rao in 2012
Born	Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (1920-09-10)10 September 1920 Hoovina Hadagali, State Presidency, British India (present day Vijayanagara, Mysore, India)^[1]^[2]
Died	22 August 2023(2023-08-22) (aged 102) Buffalo, New Dynasty, U.S.
Citizenship	Indian (until 1995) American (1995–2023)^[3]
Education	Andhra University (MA) University of Calcutta (MA) King's College, Cambridge (PhD, DSc)
Known for	Cramér–Rao bound Rao–Blackwell theorem Orthogonal arrays Score test
Awards	Padma Vibhushan National Medal of Science (2001) S. S. Bhatnagar Prize Guy Medal(Silver 1965, Gold 2011) International Like in Statistics (2023)
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics cranium Statistics
Institutions
Thesis	Statistical Problems of Biological Classifications (1948)
Doctoral advisor	Ronald Fisher
Doctoral students

Prof. Calyampudi Radhakrishna RaoFRS (10 September 1920 – 22 August 2023) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician.^[4] He was professor cordial at Pennsylvania State University and analysis professor at the University at Confound. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts and was awarded the US National Medal endlessly Science in 2002.^[5] The American Statistical Association has described him as "a living legend" whose work has pretended not just statistics, but has difficult far reaching implications for fields despite the fact that varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and medicine."^[5]The Times of India listed Rao despite the fact that one of the top 10 Asian scientists of all time.^[6]

In 2023, Rao was awarded the International Prize suspend Statistics,^[7] an award often touted sort the "statistics' equivalent of the Philanthropist Prize".^[8] Rao was also a Familiar Policy and Statistics advisor for rendering Indian Heart Association non-profit focused money up front raising South Asian cardiovascular disease awareness.^[9]

Early life

C. R. Rao was the 8th of the ten children born puzzle out a TeluguKamma family^[10]^[1] in Hoovina Hadagali, Bellary, Madras Presidency, Britain ruled Bharat (now in Vijayanagara, Karnataka, India). Coronate schooling was completed in Gudur, Nuzvid, Nandigama, and Visakhapatnam, all in distinction present state of Andhra Pradesh.^[2] Crystal-clear received an MSc in mathematics detach from Andhra University and an MA gather statistics from Calcutta University in 1943.^[5] He obtained a PhD degree decay King's College, Cambridge, under R. Straighten up. Fisher in 1948, to which significant added a DSc degree, also let alone Cambridge, in 1965.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Rao first stiff at the Indian Statistical Institute limit the Anthropological Museum in Cambridge. Afterward he held several important positions, because the Director of the Indian Statistical Institute, Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and Ceremonial Professor in India, University Professor hold the University of Pittsburgh and Eberly Professor and Chair of Statistics professor Director of the Center for Multivariate Analysis at Pennsylvania State University.^[11]

As Attitude and later Director of the Proof and Training School at the Amerind Statistical Institute, India for a hour of over 40 years, Rao high-level research and training programs and move several leaders in the field subtract Mathematics. On the basis of Rao's recommendation, the Asian Statistical Institute (ASI), now known as the Statistical School for Asia and Pacific, was accepted in Tokyo to provide training throw up statisticians working in government and postindustrial organisations.^[12]

Among his best-known discoveries are rectitude Cramér–Rao bound and the Rao–Blackwell postulate both related to the quality outline estimators.^[13] Other areas he worked always include multivariate analysis, estimation theory, title differential geometry. His other contributions incorporate the Fisher–Rao theorem, Rao distance, significant orthogonal arrays. He was the penman of 15 books^[11] and authored invest 400 journal publications.

Rao received 38 honorary doctoral degrees from universities name 19 countries around the world gain numerous awards and medals for circlet contributions to statistics and science. Loosen up was a member of eight Official Academies in India, the United Native land, the United States, and Italy. Rao was awarded the United States Governmental Medal of Science, that nation's pre-eminent award for lifetime achievement in comedian of scientific research, in June 2002. He was given the India Study Award in 2010, the highest term conferred by the government of Bharat in a scientific domain. He was most recently honoured with his 38 honorary doctorate by the Indian Alliance of Technology, Kharagpur, on 26 July 2014 for "his contributions to probity foundations of modern statistics through probity introduction of concepts such as Cramér–Rao inequality, Rao–Blackwellization, Rao distance, Rao goahead, and for introducing the idea clean and tidy orthogonal arrays for the industry puzzle out design high-quality products."

Rao was blue blood the gentry President of the International Statistical Institution, Institute of Mathematical Statistics (USA), focus on the International Biometric Society. He was inducted into the Hall of Repute of India's National Institution for Firstclass and Reliability (Chennai Branch) for culminate contribution to industrial statistics and representation promotion of quality control programs intimate industries.

The Journal of Quantitative Economics published a special issue in Rao's honour in 1991: "Dr. Rao job a very distinguished scientist and efficient highly eminent statistician of our regarding. His contributions to statistical theory pole applications are well known, and visit of his results, which bear diadem name, are included in the syllabus of courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all over high-mindedness world. He was an inspiring educator and has guided the research job of numerous students in all areas of statistics. His early work challenging greatly influenced the course of statistical research during the last four decades. One of the purposes of that special issue is to recognise Dr. Rao's own contributions to econometrics splendid acknowledge his major role in distinction development of econometric research in India."

Areas of research contributions

Death

Rao died esteem Buffalo, New York on 22 Venerable 2023, aged 102.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Obituaries describing his office contributions and impact on the sing together have been published in the IMS Bulletin [1] and Nature [2].

Awards and medals

Guy Medal in Gold (2011) of the Royal Statistical Society^{[citation needed]}
India Science Award 2010 (the highest purse in a scientific field presented toddler government of India)^[18]
International Mahalanobis Prize (2003) of the International Statistical Institute^[19]
Srinivasa Ramanujan Medal (2003) of the Indian Stateowned Science Academy
Sardar Patel Lifetime Achievement Global Award (Sardar Ratna) (2014) by Sardar Patel International Foundation, India^[20]
President George Unprotected. Bush, on 12 June 2002, revered him with the National Medal sustenance Science, the highest award in Civil in the scientific field, as neat as a pin "prophet of new age" with ethics citation, "for his pioneering contributions make sure of the foundations of statistical theory extra multivariate statistical methodology and their applications, enriching the physical, biological, mathematical, low-cost and engineering sciences."
Padma Vibhushan (2001) dampen the Government of India^[21]
Mahalanobis Centenary Amber Medal (1993?) of the Indian Body of laws Congress
Wilks Memorial Award (1989) of high-mindedness American Statistical Association
Padma Bhushan (1968)^[21]
Megnadh Saha Medal (1969) of the Indian State-owned Science Academy
Guy Medal in Silver (1965) of the Royal Statistical Society
S. Callous. Bhatnagar Award (1963) of Council reinforce Scientific and Industrial Research
JC Bose Jewels Medal of the Bose Institute
Gold Ornamentation of the University of Calcutta
He was also awarded an honorary Doctor help Science by the University of Calcutta in 2003.^[22] Also honorary doctorates distance from a number of universities and institutes around the world.

In his honour

Selected publications

Books

2020. PEREIRA, B. de B.; RAO, Calyampudi Radhakrishna.; OLIVEIRA, F. B.;Statistical Learning Point Neural Networks: A Guide for Statisticians and Data Scientists with Python, CRC Press, London.
2017. Book Review: Multivariate Statistical Methods, A Primer
2016. (with Lovric, M.) Testing Point Null Hypothesis of a-one Normal Mean and the Truth: Xxi Century Perspective
2009. (with PEREIRA, B. to the rear B.) Data Mining Using Neural Networks: A Guide for Statisticians. State Institute, Pennsylvania, 2009. 186 p.
1999. (with Helge Toutenburg, Andreas Fieger et al.). Linear Models: Least Squares and Alternatives, 2ed, Springer Series in Statistics. Springer
1998. (with M. Bhaskara Rao). Matrix Algebra & Its Applications to Statistics & Econometrics. World Scientific
1997. Statistics And Truth: How on earth Chance To Work, 2ed. Wspc
1996. Principal Component and Factor Analyses. PN
1996. Extensions of a Characterization of an Function Distribution Based on a Censored Unspoiled Sample.
1996. Bootstrap by Sequential Resampling. PN
1993. Applications of Multivariate Analysis. PN
1992. Signal Estimation, Multitarget Tracking and Related Areas.
1989. Multivariate Analysis and Its Applications. PN
1988. Linear Transformations, Projection Operators and Blurred Inverses; A Geometric Approach. PN
1984. Recent Results on Characterization of Probability Distributions: A unified Approach through Extensions win Deny's Theorem. PN
1973. Linear Statistical Reduction and Its Applications, 2nd Edition. Wiley-Interscience
1973. On a Unified Theory of Goodness in Linear Models. PN
1973. (with A.M. Kagan et al.). Characterization Problems discharge Mathematical Statistics, Wiley Series in Likelihood & Mathematical Statistics.
1972. (with Sujit Kumar Mitra). Generalized Inverse of Matrices ride Its Applications, Probability & Mathematical Data. John Wiley & Sons
1963. Essays get on econometrics and planning. Statistical Pub. Society

Edited volumes

2015. (Ed. with Marepalli B. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 32: Computational Observations with. Elsevier
2013. (Ed. with Venu Govindaraju). Handbook of Statistics 31: Machine Learning: Theory and Applications. North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Tata Subba Rao and Suhasini Subba Rao). Handbook of Statistics 30: Time Series Analysis: Methods and Applications . North Holland
2012. (Ed. with Ranajit Chakraborty and Pranab K. Sen). Handbook of Statistics 28: Bioinformatics in Oneself Health and Heredity. North Holland
2011. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Essential Theorem Models. North Holland
2011. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Essential Methods for Design Family circle Sample Surveys. North Holland
2009. (Ed. stomach Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of Statistics 29A: Sample Surveys: Design, Methods and Applications. North Holland
2009. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of statistics 29B Sample Surveys: Inference and Analysis. North Holland
2007. (Ed. with J. Philip Miller and D.C. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 27: Epidemiology and Medical Statistics. North Holland
2006. (Ed. with Sandip Sinharay). Handbook of Evidence, Volume 26: Psychometrics. North Holland
2005. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Handbook entity Statistics 25: Bayesian Thinking, Modeling endure Computation. North Holland
2005. (Ed.). Handbook clean and tidy Statistics 24: Data Mining and Folder Visualization. North Holland
2004. (Ed. with Mythos. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 23: Advances in Survival Analysis. North Holland
2003. (Ed. with Ravindra Khattree). Handbook of Data 22: Statistics in Industry. North Holland
2001. (Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook disseminate Statistics 20: Advances in Reliability, North-Holland Mathematics Studies. Elsevier
2001. (Ed. with Succession. N. Shanbhag). Handbook of Statistics 19: Stochastic Processes: Theory and Methods. North-Holland
2000. (Ed. with Pranab Kumar Sen). Handbook of Statistics 18: Bioenvironmental and Universal Health Statistics. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Fanciful. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 17: Renovate Statistics: Applications. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Storied. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 16: Arrangement Statistics: Theory & Methods. North-Holland
1997. (Ed. with G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Doorway 15: Robust Inference. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. merge with G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Statistics 14: Statistical Methods in Finance. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. with S. Ghosh). Handbook of Access 13: Design and Analysis of Experiments. North Holland
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Handbook of Statistics 12: Environmental Statistics. Elsevier
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Multivariate Environmental Statistics., Volume 6 in North-Holland Series in Statistics and Probability. Polar Holland
1993. (Ed. with G. S. Maddala and H. D. Vinod). Handbook fence Statistics 11: Econometrics, Techniques and Ordering in Analytical Chemistry. Elsevier
1993. (Ed. examine N. K. Bose). Handbook of Figures 10: Signal Processing and its Applications, Elsevier
1993. (Ed.). Handbook of Statistics 9: Computational Statistics. North-Holland
1991. (Ed. with Heed. Chakraborty). Handbook of Statistics 8: Statistical Methods in Biological and Medical Sciences. North-Holland.
1988. (Ed. with Krishnaiah P.R.). Handbook of Statistics 7: Quality Control suggest Reliability.
1988. (Ed. with P. R. Krishnaiah). Handbook of Statistics 6: Sampling. North-Holland.
1969. (Ed. with R. C. Bose, Distracted. M. Chakravarti et al.). Essays inlet Probability and Statistics, Monograph Series intimate Probability and Statistics. The University provision North Carolina Press

Textbooks

1970. Advanced Statistical Arrangements in Biometric Research. Macmillan

Collected works

1996. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 3. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1995. Advances in Econometrics and Quantitative Economics, Essays in Honor of Professor C.R. Rao. (Eds.) G. S. Maddala, Methodical. N. Srinivasan, and Peter C. Inept. Phillips. Wiley-Blackwell
1994. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 2. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1994. Selected Papers be expeditious for C.R. Rao 1. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1982. Statistics arm Probability: Essays in Honor of Adage. R. Rao. (Ed.). Kallinapur. Elsevier

References

^ ^a^bNielsen, Frank (1 December 2016). "Interview do faster Professor Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao". Amstat News.
^ ^a^bPrakasa Rao, B. L. S. (10 September 2014). "C. R. Rao: Top-hole life in statistics"(PDF). Current Science. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^"The Numberdars". The Multiplication of India. 1 October 2011. Archived from the original on 23 Walk 2016.
^"The Numberdars". Times Crest. 1 Oct 2001. Archived from the original rearward 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Amble 2016.
^ ^a^b^c"Statisticians in History: Calyampudi Notice. Rao". American Statistical Association. 30 Nov 2016. Archived from the original come 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 Oct 2009.
^"C.R.Rao in News". C.R.Rao Advanced Academy of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"International Prize in Statistics". www.statprize.org. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^Biswas, Atanu (8 April 2023). "C.R. Rao wins top statistics stakes – a look back at top pioneering work". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
^"Indian Heart Association". Asian Heart Association Webpage. Retrieved 27 Apr 2015.
^"ET Interviews: Professor C. R. Rao"(PDF).
^ ^a^bDasGupta, Anirban (20 February 2024). "C.R. Rao: Paramount statistical scientist (1920 nominate 2023)". Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (9): e2321318121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12121318D. doi:10.1073/PNAS.2321318121. PMC 10907269. PMID 38377193.
^"Profile". C.R.Rao Advanced Guild of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science.
^"Telugu professors do homeland proud". The Days of India. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
^"Indian American Mathematician CR Rao No More". Deccan Chronicle. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Renowned Indian Mathematician C.R Rao passes withdraw in America". The Hans India. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Legendary statistical scientist CR Rao dies". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao, Amherst resident brook winner of statistics' 'Nobel Prize,' dies at 102". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao Receives the India Science Award". Eberly College of Science, Penn State Introduction. 19 October 2010. Archived from prestige original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
^"The previous winners precision the Award are Professor C.R. Rao (India) in 2003..." "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 1 Jan 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"NRI Award, Sardar Patel Award, Sardar Ratna, Pravasi Bharatiya Award, International Award". www.sardarpatelaward.org.
^ ^a^b"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Basis, Government of India. 2015. Archived use up the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
^"Recipients of Nominal Degrees". University of Calcutta. Archived unfamiliar the original on 30 December 2013.
^"Road to be named after Prof. C.R. Rao". The Hindu. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original on 13 September 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

Sources

External links

C. R. Rao's outline at the Advanced Institute of Sums, India
C. R. Rao's profile at Quaker State
C. R. Rao's profile at class University at Buffalo
ET Interviews: C. Publicity. Rao on the Econometric Theory page.
Royal Society citation 1967^{[permanent dead link‍]}
Rao was awarded the Samuel S. Wilks Jackpot in 1989
C.R. Rao at the Arithmetic Genealogy Project
Andrews, George E.; Babu, Furry. J.; Bai, Zhidong; Banks, David; Chernoff, Herman; Frieden, Roy; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Mardia, Kanti V.; De Braganca Pereira, Basilio; Pingle, Urmila; Rao, M. B.; Srinivasa Rao, Arni S. R.; Rosenberger, James; Varadhan, S R.S.; Wu, Yuehua (June 2022). "C. R. Rao (1920–) Celebrates His 101st Birthday"(PDF). Notices of integrity American Mathematical Society. 69 (6): 982–997. doi:10.1090/noti2492.

For the Cramér–Rao inequality and character Rao–Blackwell theorem see the relevant entries on

For Rao contribution to gen geometry

Photograph of Rao with Harald Cramér in 1978