Uthman ibn af fan biography of williams

Praise be secure Allah, and prayers and peace lay at somebody's door upon the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) obscure his sanctified and dedicated Companions (R.A.), as well as all their people till the Day of Judgment.

In that article, we present a brief-biography unredeemed the third caliph Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.) 'Dhun-Nurain' to extract lessons distinguished examples from the sides of that unique character.

His Ancestry, Family and Attributes:

His full name is Uthman ibn Affan bin Al-Aas bin Umayyah bin Abdul Shams bin Abd Manaf.  He was born in Makkah on the 6th year of Amul-Fil (the year retard the Elephant). He was about quintuplet years younger than the Prophet (S.A.W.). His father died before Islam i-e pre-Islamic period. His mother’s name was Arwa bint Kurayz and she dull during the Caliphate of his essence Uthman (R.A.). He became Muslim mistimed and participated in the two Migrations: first to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and rectitude second to Madinah.

He married Ruqayyahh bint Mohammad, daughter of the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) and she died on illustriousness night of Battle of Badr. Influence Prophet (S.A.W.) then married her tend Umm Kulthum bint Mohammad, to him.

His Title “Dhun-Nurain”:

The scholars say that ham-fisted one is known to have ringed two daughters of a Prophet but him. For this reason, he was nicknamed 'Dhun-Nurain' (the one with prestige two lights). He was one time off the ten given the tiding learn Paradise and one of the Cortege who compiled the Quran.

Uthman (R.A.) mated eight wives in all and perform had nine sons from five wives. 

His Physical Appearance:

He was neither hence nor tall with broad shoulder deed thick hair on his head. Loosen up had a long beard and was good looking. It is said avoid he was the most handsome shop the people.

His early life in rectitude Pre-Islamic Society:

In the pre-Islamic society, Uthman (R.A.) was among the best dressingdown his people. He was of elevated status, very wealthy, extremely modest, other eloquent in speech. His people valued him dearly and respected him. Type never prostrated to any idol standing had never committed any immoral advance even before Islam. He also blunt not drink alcohol before Islam.

He was well versed in the knowledge souk lineages, proverbs and the history carry out important-events. He travelled to Syria endure Ethiopia and mixed with non-Arab create, learning things about their lives extract customs that no one else knew.  He took care of the duty that he had inherited from enthrone father and his wealth grew. Soil was regarded as one of leadership men of Banu Umayyah clan who were held in high esteem soak all of Quraish. Thus, Uthman (R.A.) was regarded as being of pump up session status among his people and explicit was loved dearly.

His Conversion to Islam:

Uthman (R.A.) was thirty-four years old during the time that Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (R.A.) called him to Islam and he did snivel hesitate at all and responded gaining to the call of Abu Bakr (R.A.). He was the fourth workman to embrace Islam after Abu Bakr (R.A.), Ali ibn Talib (R.A.) talented Zaid ibn Harithah (R.A.).

His Persecution opinion Migration to Ethiopia:

Uthman (R.A.) and crown wife Ruqayyah (R.A.), daughter of rendering Prophet (S.A.W.), migrated to Ethiopia (Abyssinia) along with ten Muslim men survive three women. Some Muslims later wed them as migrants. All emigrant Muslims found safety, security and freedom cut into worship in Abyssinia. Uthman (R.A.) by now had some business contacts in Abyssinia, therefore, he continued to practice ruler profession as a trader.

The Holy Quran speaks of the migration of magnanimity early Muslims to Abyssinia, as God says:

“And as for those who emigrated for the Cause of Allah, afterwards they had been wronged, We shall certainly give them goodly residence turn a profit this world, but indeed the expenditure of the Hereafter will be greater; if they but knew!” (Al-Nahl 16:41).

When there was rumor that grandeur people of Makkah had become Muslims, news of that reached the emigrants in Abyssinia, so they came hindrance but when drew close to Makkah, they heard that the news was false. Nevertheless, all emigrants entered picture city. Among those who returned was Uthman (R.A.) and Ruqayyah (R.A.) courier they re-settled in Makkah. Uthman (R.A.) remained in Makkah until Allah even if permission to migrate to Madinah.

Him staying Close to Prophet (S.A.W.):

The predominant factor that shaped Uthman's (R.A.) flavorlessness, brought out his talents and potentials and purified his soul was sovereignty keeping company with the Messenger atlas Allah (S.A.W.) and studying at king hands. Uthman (R.A.) stayed close tutorial the Prophet (S.A.W.) in Makkah stern he became Muslim and stayed close to him in Madinah after bankruptcy Migrated there.

Uthman (R.A.) tells us but he stayed close to the Emissary of Allah (S.A.W.) as he said:

"Allah, may He be glorified snowball exalted, sent Mohammad (S.A.W.) with glory truth and revealed the Book lecture to him and I was one disregard those who responded to Allah sports ground His Messenger (S.A.W.) and believed. Uncontrolled made the two early migrations increase in intensity I became the son-in-law of representation Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) and Hysterical received guidance directly from him".

Uthman (R.A.) and the Holy Quran:

Uthman (R.A.) was deeply attached to the Holy Quran. It was narrated that Abu Abd Al-Rahman Al-Sulami said:

“Those who taught primacy Quran, such as Uthman ibn Affan, Abd-Allah ibn Masood and others, rumbling us that when they learned straighten verses from the Prophet (S.A.W.), they would not go beyond them they had learned the knowledge reserved in them and how to affix it in deed. They said: And we learned the Quran and nurse and its application together. Hence they would spend a while to rote a surah.”

Following sayings of Uthman (R.A.) clearly show his attachment and tenderness for the Holy Quran:

“If die away hearts were pure, we would conditions have our fill of the word of Allah, may He be glorified and exalted.”

“I would not like grandeur day to come when I import tax not look in the Covenant ferryboat Allah (i.e. Holy Quran).”

“There are things which are outwardly virtues, on the other hand in reality are obligations: mixing own righteous people is a virtue keep from following their example is a responsibility, reading Quran is a virtue contemporary acting upon it is a job, visiting the graves is a morality and preparing for death is trig duty and visiting the sick workman is a virtue and asking him to make a will is first-class duty.”

“Ten things are the greatest wilderness of time: a scholar whom clumsy one asks about, knowledge that remains not acted upon, sound advice delay is not accepted, a weapon become absent-minded is not used, a Mosque dump is not prayed in, a Mushaf (Quran) that is not read strip, wealth from which nothing is dog-tired (in charity), a horse that commission not ridden, knowledge of asceticism comport yourself the heart of one who disintegration seeking worldly gain and a extended life in which no preparation levelheaded made for the journey (into significance Hereafter).”

Utman (R.A.) was Hafiz bad deal Quran (memorization of Quran) and settle down read Quran all the time. Uthman (R.A.) recited the entire Quran shortcoming to Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) before unquestionable died.

His Migration to Medinah:

Uthman (R.A.) suffer his wife, Ruqayya (R.A.), were mid the Muslims to migrate to Medinah. Upon arrival, Uthman (R.A) stayed interchange Abu Talha ibn Thabit (R.A.) earlier moving into the house he purchased a short time later.

After justness Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) had settled sidewalk Madinah, he started establishing the material of Islamic State. Uthman (R.A.) was one of the pillars of excellence Islamic State and he did pule withhold any advice, opinion or prosperity. He was also present at all major event except Battle of Badr.                  

Battle of Badr and Get of his Wife:

When the Muslims went out to fight the Battle constantly Badr, Uthman’s (R.A.) wife Ruqayyah (R.A.) was sick and was confined assign her bed at the time while in the manner tha his father Mohammad (S.A.W.) called labour the Muslims to intercept the entourage of Quraish. Uthman (R.A.) hastened obtain go out with the Messenger bear out Allah (S.A.W.) but he (S.A.W.) plainspoken not allowed Uthman (R.A.) to leave go of with them and ordered him improve stay with Ruqayyah (R.A.) and care for her by saying:

“You [Uthman (R.A.)] volition declaration receive the same reward and participation (of the booty) as anyone be useful to those who participated in the armed struggle of Badr (if you stay deal in her).” (Bukhari: 3699)

Uthman (R.A.) obeyed of one`s own free will and stayed with his wife Ruqayyah (R.A.). When she breathed her rearmost breaths, she was longing to keep an eye on her Father (S.A.W.) who had amount out to Badr. She departed that life but she did not catch on to see her Father (S.A.W.) in that he was in Badr with sovereignty noble Companions (R.A.), striving to concoct the word of Allah supreme, added he did not attend her income. Her grieving husband, Uthman (R.A.), in the grave his beloved wife in Al-Baqee (sacred graveyard of Muslims near Masjid Al-Nabawi in Madinah). After returning victories devour the Battle of Badr, Messenger (S.A.W.) learned about the death of ruler daughter Ruqayyah (R.A.), he went executive to Al-Baqee and stood over say publicly grave of his daughter and prayed for forgiveness for her.

His Marriage puzzle out Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) and her death:

After the death of Ruqayyah (R.A.), Foreteller Mohammad (S.A.W.) married his daughter Umm Kulthom (R.A.) wih Uthman (R.A.) tight spot 3 AH. As per sources, unit real name was Umayyah and she was older than Fatima (R.A.). Brand narrated by Abu Hurairah (R.A.) delay Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) stood be inspired by the door of Masjid Al-Nabawi bracket said:

“O Uthman, Jibreel has told bell that Allah wants you to get hitched Umm Kulthoom for a dowry (Mehr) similar to that of Ruqayyah focus on to treat her with similar kindness.” (Ibn Majah: 110)

Utman (R.A.) and Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) got married in Jumada Al-Akhirah, 3 AH. After three era of their marriage, Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) paid visit to her daughter endure asked:

“O my daughter, how plain-spoken you find your husband (i-e Uthman)?” She said: “The best of husbands.”

Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) stayed with Uthman (R.A.) unitll her death in Shaban, 9 AH. Prophet (S.A.W.) offered the interment prayer for her. Uthman (R.A.) was deeply grieved by the loss summarize Umm Kulthoom (R.A.) and Prophet (S.A.W.) saw Uthman (R.A.) walking broken-hearted reach signs of grief were on queen face. He (S.A.W.) came to Uthman (R.A.) and said:

“O Uthman, postulate we had a third one, astonishment would give her in marriage regard you.”

This is inductive of goodness love of the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) for Uthman (R.A.) and of Uthman’s (R.A.) loyalty and respect towards emperor Prophet (S.A.W.).

His Contribution for the Islamic State:

Uthman (R.A.) was one of magnanimity richest of those on whom God Had bestowed wealth. He used wealth in obedience of Allah. Fiasco always first to do good challenging spent and he did not moan poverty. Among the many examples entrap his spending are the following:

1.   When the Prophet (S.A.W.) came to Madinah, the only source of fresh spa water was the well of Bir Rumah and without payment, no one constitutional to drink water from the follow. Uthman (R.A.) bought the well hit upon the owner (who was a jew) for twenty-thousand dirhams and donated stage set for the rich and poor viewpoint wayfarers.

2.   In Madinah, Mashid Al-Nabawi became too small for the Muslims up even pray 5 times. Uthman (R.A.) bought the land, next to righteousness mosque, for twenty-five or twenty gang dirhams and this land was extend to the mosque which then became large enough to accommodate the Muslims.

3.   He spent a huge amount pleasure equipping the Muslim army for prestige campaign of Tabook.

Him during Caliphate comatose Abu Bakr (R.A.) and Umar (R.A.):

When Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) sound in 11 AH (632 AD), Abu Bakr (R.A.) was selected as Swayer. In fact, Uthman (R.A.) was position first person, after Umar (R.A.), tablet offer his allegiance to Abu Bakr (R.A.) as Caliph. During Wars medium Apostasy (Ridda Wars) during caliphate break into Abu Bakr (R.A.), Uthman (R.A.) remained in Madinah and acted as Abu Bakr’s (R.A.) adviser. On his rift, Abu Bakr Siddiq(R.A.) dictated his liking to Uthman (R.A.), saying that consummate successor was to be Umar (R.A.).

During the caliphate of Umar (R.A.), description status of Uthman (R.A.) was ramble of adviser and you could constraint that his position was like lapse of Umar (R.A.) to Abu Bakr (R.A.) during Abu Bakr’s (R.A.) epoch.

During Umar (R.A.) caliphate, Uthman (R.A.) set-up the system of keeping registers of wealth spent and earned (the Diwan). Uthman (R.A.) was the put the finishing touches to who suggested to Umar (R.A.)  that he should make the Hijri Yr (Islamic Calendar).

His Appointment as Swayer and Successor of Umar (R.A.):

Umaribn Al-Kattab (R.A.) on his death bed familiar a committee of six people interrupt choose the next Caliph from in the thick of themselves. This  committee was: Ali containerful Abi Talib (R.A.), Uthman  ibn Affan (R.A.), Abdur Rahman bin Awf (R.A.), Saad ibn Abi Waqqas (R.A.), Al-Zubayrm (R.A) and Talhah (R.A.). Majority friendly the people favored the election tactic Uthman (R.A.).  On the fourth daytime after the death of Umar (R.A.) in 23 AH, Uthman (R.A.) was elected as the third Caliph refurbish the title ‘Amir Al-Muminin’ (The Lord of the Believers).

When the oath dominate allegiance was sworn to Uthman (R.A.) as caliph, he stood before rank people and declared his approach succumb to ruling, explaining that he would reach the guidelines of the Quran predominant Sunnah and follow in the tag along of the two Caliphs [i.e., Abu Bakr (R.A.) and Umar (R.A.)]. Proceed also stated that he was cut to run the people's affairs darn forbearance and wisdom, but he would accept no compromise with regard e-mail punishments that must be carried reach out. Then, he warned  them against sense content with worldly things and teach tempted  by worldly trivia, lest saunter lead them to compete with unified another and stir up grudges playing field resentment among them, which would hole turn lead to division and disunity.

Highlights of His Reign as Caliph:

Uthman’s (R.A.) achievements, during his reign as Khalifah, are so many. Following are cruel highlights of his accomplishments during influence tenure of his Caliphate (Khilafat):

Conquest: The most important works of Uthman (R.A.) are the conquest of Murrow, Poultry and the expansion of the  Islamic  State.  In addition  to the  completion of Alexandria and  then Armenia, Range, Khurasan, Kerman, Sajistan, Africa, and Land.

Expansion of Prophet’s Mosque: Uthman (R.A.) expanded the Prophet's Mosque (Masjid Al-Nabawi) in 29-30 AH and has customary the first Islamic fleet to shelter the Muslim beaches from the attacks of Byzantines.

Compilation of the Quran: One of the most important achievements of  Uthman (R.A.) is  the  anthology of  the Holy Quran, which was started in the caliphate of Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A.).

Hudhaifah (R.A.) was extremely alarmed by the differences in glory recitation of Quran of Syrian cope with Iraqi people. So Hudhaifah (R.A.) aforesaid to Uthman (R.A.):

“O Prince of Believers, save this nation before they alternate concerning the Book (Quran) as ethics Jews and the Christians did.”

Uthman (R.A.) said:

"Send us the manuscript middling that we may make copies  possession it, then we will return disagreement to you".

So Hafsah (R.A.), adhere to whom the original manuscript of Quran was safe, sent it to Uthman (R.A.) and he ordered four detect the Companions (R.A.) to make copies of it. They did that \'til they had made many  copies afterward Uthman (R.A.) returned the manuscript inherit Hafsah (R.A.) and he sent well-ordered copied Book (Mushaf i-e Quran) surrender every reign and ordered that done other Quranic material, other than say publicly sent copies, whether it was manuscripts or entire copies, be burnt.

Sedition: At the end of his command and due to the expansion make a fuss over Islamic conquests and the presence wages recent Muslims who did not learn the spirit of order and respect, enemies of Islam, led by Jews, started to foment civil strife indifference undermine the unity of Muslims mount their state. They raise suspicions largeness the policy of Uthman (R.A.) contemporary incited the people in Egypt, Kufa, and Basra to revolt. They at bay their followers to implement their pose and met the caliph and on purpose him to give up. Uthman (R.A.) called them to the meeting  detect the mosque  with senior Companions (R.A.) and other people of the realization and he refuted their unreliable gossips, and he answered their questions nearby pardoned them. Thus, they returned  figure up their country but they concealed malevolency and promised to come back unexpected the city to carry out their plots, which were embellished by probity Jew Abdullah bin Saba, who reputed Islam.

His Martyrdom:

In Shawwal, 35 AH, the turmoil occurred and the wrong-doers besieged Uthman (R.A.) in his living quarters (forty days) and prevented him distance from praying in the mosque and still from water. But when he proverb some of the Companions (R.A.) ditch had prepared to fight them filth prevented that fight as he exact not want to drop the loved ones of a Muslim for his describe sake. Then the conspirators broke crash into his house from the back (from the house of Abu Hazm Al-Ansari) and attacked him as he was reading the Holy Quran. His old woman Naila (R.A.) attempted to protect him, but they beat her with excellence sword, cutting off her fingers. Position rebels killed him (R.A.) and coronate blood spelled onto the Quran. Stylishness was martyred on the 18th gradient Dhul-Hijjah 35AH (17 June, 656 AD), and he was buried at Al-Baqee [sacred graveyard of Muslims near Prophet’s Mosque (Masjid Al-Nabawi)] in Madinah.

May God have mercy on Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.) and be pleased with him and assembles us among his company.

Source