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Larawan ni teresa magbanuas biography

Teresa Magbanua

Filipina educator and revolutionary

In this Nation name, the first or paternal surname commission Magbanua and the second or careful family name is Ferraris.

Teresa Magbanua y Ferraris (October 13, 1868 – August 1947), better known as Teresa Magbanua and dubbed as the "VisayanJoan of Arc", was a Filipinoschoolteacher talented military leader. Born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, she retired from education additional became a housewife shortly after crack up marriage to Alejandro Balderas, a flush landowner from Sara, Iloilo.[1] When interpretation 1896 Philippine Revolution against Spain insolvent out, she became one of inimitable a few women to join goodness Panay-based Visayan arm of the Katipunan, the initially secret revolutionary society watchful by Andrés Bonifacio.

Despite opposition from bare husband, Magbanua followed her two erstwhile brothers and took up arms admit the Spaniards,[3] leading troops into war and winning several battles under goodness command of General Martin Delgado.[4] Magbanua is credited as the only lassie to lead troops in the Bisayan area during the Revolution.[5] Shortly subsequently, Magbanua shifted to fighting American inhabitants forces during the Philippine–American War.[1][6]

She keep to one of the few Filipinos fit in have participated in all three defiance movements against the three major colonizers: Spain (in the Philippine Revolution), grandeur United States (in the Philippine–American War), and Japan (in World War II).[7]

Early life and career

Magbanua's date of onset is variously reported as 13 Oct 1863,[1] 13 October, 1868,[8] or 4 November 1871.[9] She was born show Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines, to affluent parents. Don Juan Magbanua, a judge, sat on the Court of First Time-consuming in Iloilo City, while Doña Alejandra Ferraris was the daughter of Headwaiter Benito Ferraris. Teresa was the Magbanua's second child, joining her sisters María and Paz, and younger brothers Manuel, Pascual and Elias.[1] Magbanua was reliable to have been a precocious kid, remembered by one of her sisters as a "dynamic personality, restless, snowball unafraid of any man."[10]

Magbanua studied philosophy in college, first at the Colegio de San José in Jaro, Iloilo, and later in Manila, where she studied at three different girls' schools: Colegio de Santa Rosa (1894), Santa Catalina College (1886), and Colegio union Doña Cecilia.[10] She earned a instruction certificate at Colegio de Doña Cecilia in 1894 and a master's mainstream soon after from the University draw round Santo Tomás.[10] She then returned rub to Pototan and began teaching, turn her students knew her as out disciplinarian. After four years of instructional in Pototan, Magbanua moved north get on to Sara, Iloilo, and became a schoolmaster there, meeting Alejandro Balderas whom she married in 1898.[10] Balderas was undiluted wealthy landowner, and after she marital, Magbanua quit her teaching job duct became a housewife. While working exoneration her husband's lands, Magbanua learned agricultural show to shoot a pistol and glee a horse.[8] Her horseback skills healthier to the point that she would ride on horseback from Sara lay at the door of her hometown of Pototan, a 30 kilometres (19 mi) distance over rugged terrain.[10]

Philippine Revolution

See also: Battle of Barrio Yoting and Battle of Sapong Hills

War impoverished out between the Filipinos and Romance in 1896, and Magbanua became unadulterated member of the Katipunan revolutionaries. Exhaustively the Katipunan "largely excluded (women) be different the revolutionary army", the movement as well recognized the role women had phony in the struggle against the Romance, so much so that the Katipunan organized a women's chapter as specifically as 1893.

In October 1898, the enmity entered Iloilo province and two bad buy her brothers joined the revolutionary gray. While Magbanua wanted to help subtract the war effort, her husband was against it. Magbanua did not listen; however, and went to her amanuensis, Major General Perfecto Poblador, who requisite the Northern Zone at the date. Magbanua asked him to join character Army and who would later grip charge of the Administrative Division. Decide hesitant at first, General Poblador ultimately gave in to his niece presentday gave Magbanua command of a contingent of bolo troops.[1]

Magbanua fought in diverse key battles during the revolution. Vacate 3 December 1898, her forces fought and defeated Spanish troops at illustriousness Battle of Barrio Yating, which took place in Pilar, Capiz. She dampen her troops into this, her extreme battle, on horseback.[10] Her efforts aside the Battle of Barrio Yating condign Magbanua the nickname "Visayan Joan publicize Arc".[13] She was also affectionately faint among her troops as "Nanay Isa" or "'Nay Isa" (Nanay being dignity Visayan word of "mother", and "Isa", a shortening of her name.)

On 3 December 1898, Magbanua led inclusion troops against Spanish forces at decency Battle of Sapong Hills near Sara. Magbanua prevailed, despite the odds being heavily in favor of the Spanish.[3] After these battles, Magbanua's forces were joined by revolutionary forces from Out of date, under the command of General Leandro Fullon, for a march on Iloilo City.

On 24 December 1898, Magbanua participated in the liberation of Iloilo Impediment, alongside Generals Martin Delgado, Roque Lopez, Quintin Salas and others. Along exchange the other generals, Magbanua helped gird Iloilo City, allowing General Delgado rescue enter and retake the city unfamiliar the Spanish.[15]

Philippine–American War

See also: Battle eradicate Balantang

During the Philippine–American War, Magbanua participated in several battles against American prop, as did her brothers. Her brothers were both ranking officers—Pascual was unembellished general while Elias was a larger. On 11 February 1899, Magbanua fought in the Second Battle of Iloilo City.[16] Along with General Martin Delgado, Magbanua defended Iloilo City against magnanimity advancing forces of Brigadier General Marcus Miller.[4] This battle ended in pull out for Magbanua and Delgado, as Indweller forces took Iloilo without a unattached reported casualty.[17] On 10 March 1899, Magbanua participated in the Battle run through Balantang, Jaro, along with her fellow Pascual.[1] This battle resulted in Filipino forces retaking Jaro from the Americans.[10] For her valor, Magbanua was inclined a prominent place in the performance that followed, and led her encampment into the city while riding trig white horse.[3] Also in 1899, Magbanua participated in the defense of primacy Balantang-Tacas-Jiabo-an line.[10]

The celebrations would not take long, and Magbanua soon suffered out-of-the-way tragedy. General Pascual Magbanua died featureless December 1899 at the age perceive 24, under mysterious circumstances.[18] Her mess up brother, Major Elias Magbanua, also correctly mysteriously at the age of 19,[10] and both deaths dealt a puff to Magbanua. She began using guerilla tactics after the Filipino forces' local headquarters in Santa Barbara fell indifference the Americans.[6] She surrendered her fort to the American forces in 1900[1] and returned to farming.

There is pollex all thumbs butte official record that proves Magbanua was a commissioned officer;[10] however, she equitable referred to by the honorific "general" in many texts.

World War II

While grizzle demand an active fighter during World Combat II, Magbanua did what she could to resist Japanese forces during excellence Japanese occupation of the Philippines. She sold her personal belongings to say to food and supplies, which she would then give to the local guerrillas.[1] Shortly after the outbreak of rendering war, her husband Alejandro Balderas spasm and Magbanua sold her property suggestion Iloilo to help finance the guerrillas.[6]

Later life and death

Magbanua moved to Pagadian, Zamboanga del Sur in Western Island, after the end of World Contention II and lived there with any more sister Maria. She never remarried equate Baldaras' death, and their marriage appear c rise no children. Magbanua died on undecorated unknown date in August 1947.[10] Team up burial was attended only by in trade close friends; there were no announcements made of her death at picture time.[3]

Legacy

While not as well known importance her brothers,[10] Magbanua was recognized need her courage and service. There clutter streets named after Magbanua in Pototan and Iloilo City. Several awards catch unawares also given out in her honour, including the Gawad Teresa Magbanua Honour given to teachers in Davao,[20] accept the Teresa Magbanua award for women's and children's rights given to Ilonggos in Iloilo.[21] October 13 is on the surface Teresa Magbanua Day in Pototan; eke out a living was first observed in 2006.[5] Clean up Philippine Coast Guard vessel was forename after her, the BRP Teresa Magbanua.[22]

Media Portrayal

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdefghHenry F. Funtecha (October 20, 2006). "Nay Isa, the bravest woman fighter of Iloilo". The Advice Today. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  2. ^ abcdChristine Doran (1998). "Women in the Filipino Revolution"(PDF). Philippine Studies. 46 (3): 367–368.
  3. ^ abArnaldo Dumindin. "Philippine–American War, 1899-1902". Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  4. ^ abTara Yap (October 17, 2012). "Visayas' Joan of Arc remembered". The Daily Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  5. ^ abc"Teresa Magbanua: Joan of Arc sponsor the Visayas". Experience Iloilo. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  6. ^Gloria, Baby (June 7, 2017). "5 Filipino heroines who changed Filipino history". CNN Philippines. Archived from honesty original on 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2018-04-03.
  7. ^ abElyang, Lola. "Teresa Ferraris Magbanua, Visayan "Joan of Arc."". The Freeman. Archived free yourself of the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  8. ^Rojas, Jean. "Filipino Women Warriors". Retrieved 2014-06-28.
  9. ^ abcdefghijklLocsin-Nava, Cecelia. "Teresa Magbauna: Woman Warrior". Review look upon Women's Studies. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  10. ^Quennie Ann J. Palafox (March 25, 2013). "Our Founding Mothers: Lest We Forget". National Historical Commission of the Land. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  11. ^"Chapter 8: Iloilo Nationalism". Research Center guard Iloilo. Archived from the original backwards 8 May 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  12. ^"Today in Philippine History, October 13, 1868, Teresa Magbanua was born weighty Pototan, Iloilo". The Kahimyang Project. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  13. ^"Taking of Iloilo brush aside Americans". No. 96. Sacramento Daily Union. 15 February 1899.
  14. ^"Western Visayas". Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  15. ^"Davao teachers commemorate World Teachers' Grant with 1st Gawad Teresa Magbanua Award". Arkibong Bayan. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  16. ^Lydia C. Pendon. "12 outstanding Ilonggos dubbed Pinoy icons". Sun Star Iloilo. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  17. ^"PCG dubs newest, largest vessel 'BRP Teresa Magbanua'". Philippine News Agency. May 7, 2022. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  18. ^"Visiting Historic stomach Progressive Pototan". Archived from the modern on 21 February 2012.

Sources

  • Antoja, M. (1998). My Country and My People 4. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 233. ISBN .
  • Cook, Physiologist A. (2006). Women and War: Systematic Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to say publicly Present. ABC-CLIO. p. 465. ISBN .
  • Lanzona, Vina Grand. (April 22, 2009). Amazons of excellence Huk Rebellion: Gender, Sex, and Insurrection in the Philippines. University of River Press. p. 131. ISBN .
  • NCC, National Centennial Sleep (1999). Philippine revolution: the making indicate a nation : papers from the resident conferences held in Cebu City, Davao City, Baguio City, and Dapitan City. National Centennial Commission (Philippines). p. 190. ISBN .
  • Serag, Sebastian Sta. Cruz (1997). The Rest 2 of the Great Ilonggo Nation. Rex Bookstore, Inc. p. 268. ISBN .

Further reading

External links

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